String url = String("/update?api_key=") + apiKey + Add a buffer line for easier reading in the serial monitor Serial.print("Charge stored in the capacitor (Coulombs): ") Serial.print("Current flowing through the resistor (milliamps): ") Serial.print("Energy stored in the capacitor (Joules): ") įloat current = capacitorVoltage / resistor_value Serial.print("DC Voltage across capacitor: ") take numReadings readings and add them to the totalĭelay(200) // short delay between readingsįloat capacitorVoltage = totalCap / numReadings * (5.0 / 1023.0) įloat piezoVoltage = totalPiezo / numReadings * (5.0 / 1023.0) įloat cap_value = 100 // Capacitance value in Faradsįloat resistor_value = 1000000 // Resistance value of the resistor in the voltage dividerįloat energy = capacitorVoltage * capacitorVoltage * cap_value įloat coulombs = energy / (3.6 * 1000.0) Int piezoPin = A1 // Analog pin connected to measure AC voltage from the piezoįloat totalCap = 0 // the running total for capacitor readingsįloat totalPiezo = 0 // the running total for piezo readings Int capacitorPin = A0 // Analog pin connected to measure voltage across the capacitor PinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT) // set the LED pin as outputĭigitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH) // turn on the LEDĭigitalWrite(ledPin, LOW) // turn off the LEDĭigitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH) // turn on the LED when connected Unsigned long counter = 0 // counter for the number of times data is sentĬonst int ledPin = 5 // LED connected to digital pin 5ĭelay(2000) // Allow time for MKR WiFi to boot HttpClient client = HttpClient(wifi, host, 80) Here is the code I'm currently using: #include Ĭonst char* apiKey = "API KEY" // your ThingSpeak Write API Key In my code, I have implemented the calculation of joules, milliamps, and coulombs. However, I plan to switch to a 3.7-volt, 850mAh battery for improved performance. I have attempted various methods to mitigate this issue but have not yet achieved the desired stability.Ĭurrently, I'm measuring the DC voltage using a 100 Farad capacitor with a voltage rating of 16 volts. Despite connecting the piezo elements in parallel, the measurements fluctuate and lack consistency. The problem I'm encountering is that I cannot obtain a stable reading of the piezo voltage. My goal is to measure the AC voltage generated by the collective output of the negative and positive terminals of 100 piezo discs. I'm using an Arduino MKR 1010 WiFi board and an LTC3588 energy-harvesting IC to extract energy from footsteps. Constructed in series or parallel, they can be manufactured both in round and rectangular shape.I'm facing some difficulties reading AC voltage from multiple piezoelectric elements connected in parallel. > Bending elements can be constructed from piezo disks and plates within certain manufacturing limits. PI Ceramic offers the following standard products: Stack actuators have proven their high reliability in applications for the semiconductor industry and medical engineering. Application-specific end pieces can be manufactured on request. Possible designs are low-profile or spherical end pieces made of metal, ceramics, glass or sapphire. For overheating protection, the actuators can be equipped with temperature sensors.įor mechanical coupling of the actuators, specific end pieces (tips and bases) can be mounted. They are then suited for repeatable positioning with nanometer precision. Optionally the piezo actuators can be fitted with sensors to measure displacement. External soldering guides are used for the parallel operation of all layers. For each piezo element, different wires according to the AWG standard are used. Standard contacts for piezo actuators are 100 mm stranded wires or soldering points. These are then fitted with contact electrodes and an outer insulation layer of polymer material. Several piezo ceramic elements, such as disks or plates, are stacked and glued to stack actuators for a greater displacement.
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